Elemental Concentrations in Biological Samples of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Other Pulmonary Disease Patients

Background: Recently, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been affected by the extreme acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and developed important global health anxiety. At this time, treatment options for disease are only moderately successful. Smoking related to COVID-19 its mortality, it potential affect bacteriological viral conversion, clinical effects, outcomes. Methods: The aim of study was determine relationship between critical essential trace {zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu)} toxic {cadmium (Cd) nickel (Ni)} elements in human biological samples such as scalp hair, serum, saliva, blood, nasal fluid, sputum smoking nonsmoking male patients (n = 139, age range 25 - 38 years) from Hyderabad, Pakistan. For comparative purposes, specimens referent persons 83), pulmonary Tuberculosis (T.B) 67), Pneumonia 56) same groups were also be analyzed. Microwave oven mediated digestion method employed, carried out with help 2:1 mixture solution HNO3 (65%) H2O2 (30%). Atomic absorption spectrometry employed determination elemental concentrations microwave digested samples. Results: found average (Zn, Fe, Cu) smoker nonsmoker COVID-19, T.B, lower, whilst cadmium higher when compared referents (p S. pneumoniae. Our findings suggest that Cd Ni linked cigarette smoking, which could lead other lung-infected diseased recurrences. However, further experimental research is required.